Earth`s ecosystems continue to mitigate and buffer human disturbances through negative feedbacks, which are an essential feature of maintaining resilience. For example, humanity`s natural ecosystems and marine systems provide the world`s largest subsidy to the global economy, but also function as a natural carbon sink that absorbs 50% of man`s annual CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. It`s the resilience of the planet at stake. The Earth applies biophysical processes that allow it to remain in its current (and human-friendly) interglacial state in which it has been since the last ice age, about 12,000 years ago. As Naumann et al. noted, both the reduction of nature-based climate protection (where ecosystem services to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while preserving and expanding carbon sinks) and adaptation to climate change (preserving the ecosystem services needed for human life and reducing the expected negative effects of climate change) aim to increase the resilience of ecosystems and, hence, stabilize the provision of essential services. Stabilization and strengthening functional relationships within the ecosystem and between species to increase their resilience are an essential condition for this goal. Recognized synonyms for these practices include nature-based approaches or solutions, as well as ecosystem-based approaches/adaptations (EBAs). Conservation, restoration and ecosystem management play a key role in mitigating climate change (. B, for example, land use forms, which preserve carbon reserves, carbon capture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions).
Similarly, these practices can be important for adapting to climate change by protecting societies from the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of disaster. Protecting biodiversity through sustainable ecosystem management is therefore a strategic way to build resilience to climate change through mitigation (conservation and improvement of carbon sinks) and adaptation (the establishment of stress-tolerant ecosystems) and to be a cornerstone of effective strategies for the use of integrated land and natural resources. Resilience provides a framework or way of thinking about how complex adaptive systems change at multiple interacting scales. Humanity has entered the Anthropocene, where the human world is the greatest engine of change on planet Earth, with increasing socio-ecological turbulence. Shocks and pressures are on the rise, making resilience more important than ever for development. Stockholm Resilience Centre (SRC). 2014. Application of Resilience Thinking: Seven Principles for Building Resilience in Socio-Ecological Systems. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden. The global emission gap, the resulting efforts on the CNN scale, and the estimated effects of climate change necessitate nature-based solutions to build resilience. The IPCC`s fifth assessment report states that “the effects of recent climate-related extremes, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, cyclones and forest fires, show high vulnerability and significant exposure of some ecosystems and many human systems to current climate variability. The future risk is explained by the observation that global natural climate change, with lower rates than current anthropogenic climate change, has caused significant changes in the ecosystem and extinction of species over the past million years.
The magnitudes and velocities of climate change, combined with medium to high emission scenarios, represent an increased risk of sudden and irreversible regional change in the composition, structure and functioning of marine, earthly and freshwater ecosystems, including wetlands (medium confidence). The development of a regenerative economy requires that nature regain its strength and actively encourage healing processes.