In general, however, coalitions formed for a given and registered electoral process at the time of appointment have legal effects. These effects focus on two aspects of the process; corresponding state contributions and the prohibition of independent nominating of candidates by coalition groups. Moreover, in some Eastern European countries, such as Croatia or the Czech Republic, there may be a greater electoral obstacle than that of the various parties. In 2008, John Key`s National Party government formed a minority government through a confidence and supply agreement with the ACT, United Future and the Maori Party. [18] In 2005, a similar agreement led Helen Clark`s Labour Party to form a coalition government with the Progressive Party, with the support of the confidence and supply of New Zealand First and United Future. After the 2014 elections, National again entered into trust and supply agreements with United Future, the ACT party and the Maori party. In 2017, New Zealand First decided to form a coalition with Labour, despite Labour`s national voices, to help them change government, with the support of the confidence and supply of the Left Green Party. [17] 22 days after the 1985 provincial election, the government of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario resigned following a vote of no confidence and the Ontario Liberal Party formed a government with the support of the Democratic Party of Ontario. [9] The agreement between the two parties has been called the “agreement.” [10] A coalition government is a more formal agreement than a trust and supply agreement, because members of junior parties (i.e. non-larger parties) in cabinet, ministerial and government positions are expected to whip the government in passing legislation. Political parties can enter into cooperation agreements on a wide range of issues, including: Joint participation in elections, formation of a government after elections, offer external support to an existing government that partners with several parties to overthrow another party, modify elements of the political system, or jointly define specific policies. In this context, it is interesting to examine the characteristics of political alliances for an electoral process. Alliances between the parties can take very different forms and degrees.
These agreements can be applied to different areas; to all constituencies or only to a few, presidential, general or municipal elections, or for a fixed or indeterminate period. Another option is to submit lists of one of the parties in each constituency to maximize the expected electoral support for each party. This is a common practice in mature party systems, which ensures maximum effectiveness of their campaigns and avoids the negative effects of the distribution of votes on themselves or on the parties they can expect from support or some cooperation. The legal effects of these agreements are generally limited, in accordance with the freedom that should govern the strategic and political action of the parties in a democratic system. Absence:a) A high-quality pdf of the December 10, 1996 coalition agreement between National and NZ First, ideally signed (see Table 1 below). b) a quality pdf of the December 6, 1999 coalition contract between labour and alliance (see Table 1 below). c) None of the agreements we have attached contain collegial signatures.